i Contents Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Project Background .........................................................................................................1 Methodology....................................................................................................................1 Historical Background .........................................................................................................3 Maori Settlement .............................................................................................................3 Goldmining in Waihi .....................................................................................................11 Water Races ...................................................................................................................44 Tramways ......................................................................................................................45 Other Industry and Infrastructure ..................................................................................47 Waihi Township.............................................................................................................53 Later History Waihi .......................................................................................................66 Past Archaeological Investigation .....................................................................................71 Physical Environment Context ..........................................................................................85 Geology..........................................................................................................................85 Reefs of the Waihi goldfields ........................................................................................87 Topography and Land Use.............................................................................................89 Summary of Results...........................................................................................................92 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................94 Image on front cover: Looking from Martha Hill to the Waihi Gold Mine (sourced from Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 35-R1469)
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