WSP 10 3.3 DEPRIVATION 3.3.1 NEW ZEALAND, REGIONAL, LOCAL, AND WAIHI TOWN3 The New Zealand Deprivation Index (NZDI) is an area-based measure of socio-economic deprivation in New Zealand. The aim of the NZDI research programme, led by the University of Otago4, is to develop indexes of socio-economic deprivation in New Zealand to support and inform applications for funding, and health and related social services research5. In addition, the index provides community groups and community-based service providers with the basis to advocate for resources for community services. The NZDI is related to geographic areas, not people, and rates these areas from 1 (least deprived) to 10 (most deprived). According to the NZDI, Waihi Town scores 8.5 on a deprivation scale, whereas the New Zealand mean is 5.7 (see Table 3-3 below).. The Index combines the following census data: (1) communication (people with no access to the internet at home), (2) income (people aged 18-64 receiving a means tested benefit) (people living in equivalised households with income below a set threshold), (3) employment (people aged 18-64 unemployed), (4) qualifications (people aged 18-64 without any qualifications), (5) owned home (people not living in own home), (6) support (people aged <65 living in a single parent family), (7) living space (people living in equivalised households below a bedroom occupancy threshold) and (8) living condition (people living in dwellings that are always damp and/or always have mould greater than A4 in size). The scale generates a ‘score’ according to these criteria, and an ordinal ‘scale’ is derived from this accordingly. Crampton, Salmond and Atkinson (2019) caution the use of Deprivation Scores for several reasons. Firstly, (1) Indicators can be confused with underlying phenomenon, (2) deprivation when measured within small areas can be skewed by other factors, (3) ‘deprivation’ is relative, not absolute, and (4) apparent simplicity belies underlying complexity. Table 3-3. 2018 Deprivation Index ordinal and interval variable locale67. Area NZDI Scale NZDI Score Waihi Town 8.5 1086 Local 6.9 1029 Waikato 6.4 1022 Bay of Plenty 6.3 1030 New Zealand 5.7 1004 4 (University of Otago, n.d.) 5 (Berl, 2018) 6 (Crampton et al., 2018) 7 (University of Otago, 2019)
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