Lighting Assessment WAI-985-000-REPLC-0019_Rev 0.Docx Waihi North Project Page 10 of 35 21/06/2022 Assessment of Environmental Effects: Lighting REVISION: 0 - Final Discomfort Glare: Glare that causes discomfort without necessarily impairing the visibility of objects. Whilst the Hauraki District Plan’s Section 8.2.5 is titled “Glare and Lighting”, it does not provide a basis for measurement or assessment of glare – it only provides a basis for control of spill light. Glare’s impact on visual amenity depends very much on the situation in which it occurs. Wherever there is the potential for a direct view of luminaires there is the potential for glare. Where the viewing location is remote from the lighting source, the primary effect would be Disability Glare, i.e., glare that impairs the visibility of objects without necessarily causing discomfort. AS/NZS 4282 identifies the following light technical parameters related to glare: a. LTP Luminous Intensity (I): Luminous intensity (measured in candela (cd)) of a light source is the emitted luminous flux per unit solid angle – stated simply it is the light sources brightness in a given direction. The luminous intensities for the potential environmental zones identified for the WNP are as follows: i. Zone A1: 2,500 cd (non-curfew) and 500 cd (curfew) ii. Zone A2: 7,500 cd (non-curfew) and 1,000 cd (curfew) iii. Zone A3: 12,500 cd (non-curfew) and 2,500 cd (curfew) b. LTP Threshold Increment (TI): “The measure of disability glare expressed as the percentage increase in contrast required between an object and its background for it to be seen equally well with a source of glare present. Note: Higher values of TI correspond to greater disability glare.” (Definition from AS/NZS 4282: 2019) Vehicle headlight, task, and safety lighting, whilst often excluded from Plan Rules, can result in adverse effects – particularly in rural environments. With respect to glare, the extent of any effects will depend upon lighting intensity, visibility from outside of the site, and rapid intensity change (i.e., flashing). It would be expected that notices would be provided at mine exits reminding vehicles to turn off their flashing lights. 3.2.3 Sky Glow Sky Glow is defined by AS/NZS 2842:2019 as: The brightening of the night sky that results from radiation (visible and nonvisible), scatter from the constituents of the atmosphere (gaseous, molecules, aerosols and particulate matter), in the direction of observation. Whilst AS/NZS 2842:2019 considers both natural and artificial sky glow, this review only considers the effects of artificial sky glow which is defined as: Artificial Sky Glow: That part of the sky glow that is attributable to man-made sources of radiation (e.g., outdoor lighting), including radiation that is emitted above the horizontal and radiation that is reflected from the surface of the earth. Light reflected off the ground and buildings can be difficult to control without careful consideration of where the light is being aimed, because it is dependent upon the reflective characteristics of the material being worked with. However, direct light spill can be effectively controlled by appropriate luminaire selection and use.
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